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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.142



   aicom mcvax!swivax![e-mail]    International Usenet AI news

Of the above newsgroups, the following have FAQ postings:
   comp.ai, comp.robotics, comp.speech, comp.neural-nets,
   comp.lang.lisp, comp.lang.scheme, comp.lang.clos, comp.lang.prolog

German AI newsgroups:
   de.sci.ki
   de.sci.ki.announce
   de.sci.ki.mod-ki
   de.sci.ki.discussion


AI Research in a particular country:

   British AI            alvey [e-mail]
   Japanese AI            [e-mail]
   German AI            [e-mail]
   Mexican AI            IAMEX-L on [e-mail]

   The IAMEX-L list is administrated by the AI Invetigation Center in
   Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM)
   in Monterrey, N.L. To be added to that list, please contact:
    [e-mail] (Juana Maria Gomez Puertos)
    [e-mail] (Fernando Careaga Sanchez)

   The newsgroup de.sci.ki.discussion is the German equivalent of comp.ai.
   The newsgroup de.sci.ki.announce is for announcements about AI. The
   newsgroup de.sci.ki.mod-ki is moderated by Hans-Werner Hein
   <[e-mail]>.

   The newsgroup aus.ai is the (unmoderated) Australian equivalent of comp.ai.

   AIIA (Artificial Intelligence Italian Association)
   c/o Fondazione Ugo Borboni, Roma - Italy
   Contact: Oliviero Stock <[e-mail]>
   Tel: [phone]
   Fax: [phone]

Artificial Life:
   [e-mail]

   The alife mailing list is for communications regarding artificial
   life, a formative interdisciplinary field involving computer science,
   the natural sciences, mathematics, medicine and others.  Send mail to
   [e-mail] to be added to the list.

   See also UCLA Artificial Life Depository in question [3-0].

AI applications to Human-Computer interface design:
   AI-CHI <wiley![e-mail]>

   All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems, questions,
   etc., should be sent to wiley![e-mail].


AI in Education:
   [e-mail] (was [e-mail])

   Includes ICAI (intelligent computer aided instruction) and
   ITS (intelligent tutoring systems).

   All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems, questions,
   etc., should be sent to [e-mail].


Artificial Intelligence and Law:
   [e-mail]

   To subscribe to AIL-L you should send a message to the internet address
    [e-mail]
   The body of the message should consist of:
    subscribe AIL-L <your full name>


AI in Medicine:
   [e-mail]

   Focus is on computer-based medical decision support.

   All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems, questions,
   etc., should be sent to [e-mail]


AI for Development:
   An occasional newsletter for folk interested in AI applications in
   and for developing countries. The newsletter is sent to the mailing
   list and to the newsgroup comp.society.development.

   Send requests to be added to the mailing list to Kathleen King
   <[e-mail]>.


Cellular Automata:
   [e-mail]    (aka [e-mail])

   Gatewayed to the newsgroup comp.theory.cell-automata.

   Archived messages may be found at ftp.think.com in the files:
      mail/ca.archive*

   All other requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
   questions, etc., should be sent to [e-mail].


Classification and clustering:
   [e-mail]

   To subscribe to CLASS-L you should send a message to the internet address
    [e-mail]
   The body of the message should consist of:
    subscribe CLASS-L <your full name>
   To have your name removed from the CLASS-L subscriber list, send:
    signoff CLASS-L


Connectionism and Neural Networks:

   Connectionism:
      [e-mail]

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to [e-mail].

   Neural Networks (moderated):
      [e-mail]

      Neuron-Digest is a moderated list (in digest form) dealing with all
      aspects of neural networks (and any type of network or neuromorphic
      system).    Topics include both connectionist models (artificial neural
      networks) and biological systems ("wetware"). The digest is posted to
      comp.ai.neural-nets.

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to [e-mail]

      Neuron Digest archives are kept in the OSU Neuroprose collection
      and in cattell.psych.upenn.edu:/pub/Neuron-Digest

   Users of the Rochester Connectionist Simulator:
      [e-mail]
      [e-mail]

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to [e-mail].

      The simulator is available in cs.rochester.edu:/pub/simulator


Distributed AI Mailing Lists:

        DAI-List: send requests to [e-mail]

        MAAMAW Blackboard (Modeling Autonomous Agents in a
        Multi-Agent World): send requests to
        [e-mail]


Intelligent systems for Economics digest (IE-digest):
   [e-mail]

   The IE-digest aims to act as a forum to exchange ideas on using
   `intelligent' techniques to model economic and financial systems.
   Calls for papers, paper announcements and queries are welcome.

   Techniques which were originally developed to model psychological and
   biological processes are now receiving considerable attention as tools
   for modelling and understanding economic and financial processes.
   These techniques, which include neural networks, genetic algorithms
   and expert systems are now being used in a wide variety of
   applications including the modelling of economic cycles, modelling of
   artificial economies, portfolio optimisation and credit evaluation.

   To be added to the list, send mail to [e-mail]. An
   archive of back issues of the digest, as well as papers,
   bibliographies and software, may be obtained by anonymous ftp from
   cs.ucl.ac.uk:ie (128.16.5.31).

   List moderated by Suran Goonatilake, Dept. of Computer Science,
   University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK,
   <[e-mail]>.


Expert Systems in Agriculture:
   [e-mail]

   To subscribe to ag-exp-l you should send a message to the internet address
    [e-mail]
   The body of the message should consist of:
    subscribe AG-EXP-L <your full name>


Use of computers in the Fine Arts:
   [e-mail]

   The FINEART Forum is dedicated to International collaboration between
   artists and scientists.  It is subsidized by the International Society for
   the Arts, Science, and Technology (ISAST), 2020 Milvia, Berkeley, CA 94704.

   The purpose of this bulletin board is to disseminate information regarding
   the use of computers in the Fine Arts. One of the general areas of
   interest is Art & AI.


Genetic Algorithms:

    [e-mail] (moderated)

    Send subscription requests to the -request form of the list
    or to [e-mail].

    Past copies of the digest are archieved on ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil
    in the /pub/galist directory. Some software is also archived there.


    Discussion of GAs also appears from time to time in
    comp.ai.neural-nets and comp.theory.self-org-sys.


Knowledge Acquisition:

    [e-mail]

    KAW is a list server provided by the University of Amsterdam for
    the knowledge acquisition community. It will carry news and
    discussion relating to KA activities.

    To join the list, mail a message 'subscribe' to
    [e-mail].


Logic Programming, Prolog:

   Prolog and Logic Programming:
      [e-mail] (general)
      [e-mail] (nitty gritty)

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to [e-mail]

   Concurrent Logic Programming:
      [e-mail]

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to [e-mail] or to
      Jacob Levy <[e-mail]>.


Machine Learning:

   [e-mail]

   The Machine Learning List is moderated.  Contributions should be
   relevant to the scientific study of machine learning. Mail requests
   to be added or deleted to [e-mail].

   Back issues may be FTP'd from ics.uci.edu in pub/ml-list/V<X>/<N> or
   N.Z where X and N are the volume and number of the issue; ID:
   anonymous PASSWORD: <your mail address>


Natural Language Processing:

   Information Retrieval:
      irlist <[e-mail]>

      To subscribe send the following command to [e-mail]:
     SUB IR-L your_full_name
      where "your_full_name" is your real name, not your login Id.
      Non-BitNet users can join by sending the above command as the only
      line in the text/body of a message to
      [e-mail].

      Moderator: [e-mail]

   Natural Language and Knowledge Representation (moderated):
      [e-mail] (formerly [e-mail])
      Gatewayed to the newsgroup comp.ai.nlang-know-rep.

      BITNET subscribers: we now have a LISTSERVer for nl-kr.
    You may send submissions to NL-KR@RPIECS
    and any listserv-style administrative requests to LISTSERV@RPIECS.

      Back issues are available from host archive.cs.rpi.edu [128.213.10.18]
      in the files nl-kr/Vxx/Nyy (ie nl-kr/V01/N01 for V1#1), mail requests
      will not be promptly satisfied.  If you can't reach `cs.rpi.edu' you
      may want to use `turing.cs.rpi.edu' instead.

      All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems,
      questions, etc., should be sent to [e-mail].

   Natural Language Generation:
      [e-mail]

   Speech Interfaces:

      Electronic Communal Temporal Lobe (or ECTL) is a moderated mailing list
      for speech interface enthusiats. To subscribe, send a message with your
      name, institution, department, daytime phone and an email address to
      [e-mail]. If you have trouble with this mail
      address, call David Leip at [phone] ext.3709.

      ECTL has an anonymous ftp archive which is located at
      snowhite.cis.uoguelph.ca [131.104.48.1] in /pub/ectl. Included in the
      archive are: all issues of ECTL, as well as a list of subscribers, lists
      of speech related products (s/w & h/w),and a list of speech related
      technical report abstracts. If you would like to contribute to the
      archive, please mail: [e-mail] If you need
      information about how to ftp, or such things, please send mail to:
      [e-mail]


   Prosody:

      To subscribe, send a one-line message to [e-mail]
      in the following format:

     subscribe prosody <Your Full Name>


   Translation and Interpretation of Natural Language:
      [e-mail]

      To add or remove yourself from the list, send a message to
      [e-mail].    The sender of the message
      you send must be the name (E-mail address) you want to add or remove
      from the list.  The text body of the message should be:
     SUBSCRIBE LANTRA-L your_full_name
      or:
     SIGNOFF LANTRA-L
      where your_full_name is your normal name, not your E-mail address.

    Text Analysis and Natural Language Applications:
      [e-mail]

      SCHOLAR is an online information service covering all aspects of
      natural language processing in such fields as literary studies,
      linguistics, history and lexicography. It consists of information like
      book reviews, project reports database listings, a conference
      calendar, and news of hardware and software relevant to the field.
      SCHOLAR is distributed occasionally as the quantity of information
      received allows. Contributions should be sent to Joseph Raben
      <[e-mail]>.

      To add or remove yourself from the list, send a message to
      [e-mail].     The sender of the message
      you send must be the name (E-mail address) you want to add or remove
      from the list.  The text body of the message should be:
     SUBSCRIBE SCHOLAR your_full_name
      or:
     SIGNOFF SCHOLAR
      where your_full_name is your normal name, not your E-mail address.
      For technical assistance, send mail to <[e-mail]>.

      SCHOLAR files are available by anonymous ftp from jhuvm.hcf.jhu.edu
      (128.220.2.2). Use username scholar and type your login userid as a
      password. The index of SCHOLAR files is index.scholar. The files are
      also available by listserv.  For an explanation of the coding system
      for items in SCHOLAR, send mail to <[e-mail]> with the
      following as the body of the message:
          Get SCHOLAR COD
      To retrieve the entire release send mail to <[e-mail]>
      with the folowing as the body of the message:
          Get AZ Package


Neural Networks:
   See Connectionism.


Simulated Annealing:
   Contact: [e-mail] (Daniel R. Greening)

   This mailing list is for discussion of simulated annealing techniques,
   analysis, and related issues such as stochastic optimization,
   Boltzmann machines, and metricity of NP-complete move spaces.

   Membership in this list is restricted to those doing active research
   in simulated annealing or related areas. The list itself is
   unmoderated.


Simulation:
   [e-mail]
   Gatewayed to the newsgroup comp.simulation.

   All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems, questions,
   etc., should be sent to [e-mail].


Symbolic Math:
   Symbolic Math <[e-mail]>
   Gatewayed to the newsgroup sci.math.symbolic.

   Mailing list covering symbolic math algorithms, applications and problems
   relating to the various symbolic math languages.

   Mail to be forwarded to the list should be sent to
   [e-mail] (ARPANET/MilNet) or sci.math.symbolic (USENET).
   Requests to be included on the list should be sent to
   [e-mail].


AI Vision Research:

   [e-mail]
   All requests to be added to or deleted from this list, problems, questions,
   etc., should be sent to [e-mail].

   [e-mail]
   Color and vision research.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-3]  Dial-up AI-related bulletin board systems

The primary AI-related dial-up bulletin board systems are:

   The Interocitor  214-258-1832 (Fido 1:124/2206) V.32bis (14.4kbps)
       SysOp: Steve Rainwater  Hours: 24
       Desc: AI CD-ROM submission site, general AI archive.

   ShadeTree BBS    412-244-9416 (Fido 1:129/124)  V.22bis (2400bps)
       SysOp: Bill Keller       Hours: 8:30pm-8:30am only
       Desc: Oriented toward beginners in the field.

   C.N.S. BBS        509-62706267 (Fido 1:347/303)  USR HST (9600bps)
       SysOp: Wesley Elsberry  Hours: 24
       Desc: Best source for neural network related information.

Fuzzy Logic Related BBS's:

   Aptronix FuzzyNet 408-428-1883  N/8/1  1200-19,200 baud

   The Turning Point 512-219-7828  N/8/1 DS/HST 1200-19,200 baud (LIBRARY)
             512-219-7848  N/8/1 DS/HST 1200-19,200 buad

   Motorola FREEBBS  512-891-3733  E/7/1  1200-9600   baud

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-4]  What are the rules for the game of "Life"?

Cellular Automata, of which Life is an example, were suggested by
Stanislaw Ulam in the 1940s, and first formalized by von Neumann.
Conway's "Game of Life" was popularized in Martin Gardner's
mathematical games column in the October 1970 and February 1971 issues
of Scientific American.     (Shorter notes on life are alse given in the
column in each month from October 1970 to April 1971, and well as
November 1971, January 1972, and December 1972.)

The rules for the game of life are quite simple. The game board is a
rectangular cell array, with each cell either empty or filled. At each
tick of the clock, we generate the next generation by the following rules:

    if a cell is empty, fill it if 3 of its neighbors are filled
    (otherwise leave it empty)

    if a cell is filled, it
        dies of loneliness if it has 1 or fewer neighbors
        continues to live if it has 2 or 3 neighbors
        dies of overcrowding if it has more than 3 neighbors

Neighbors include the cells on the diagonals. Some implementations use
a torus-based array (edges joined top-to-bottom and left-to-right) for
computing neighbors.

For example, a row of 3 filled cells will become a column of 3 filled
cells in the next generation. The R pentomino is an interesting
pattern:
      xx
     xx
      x
Try it with other patterns of 5 cells initially occupied. If you
record the ages of cells, and map the ages to colors, you can get a
variety of beautiful images.

When implementing Life, be sure to maintain separate arrays for the
old and new generation. Updating the array in place will not work
correctly.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-5]  What AI competitions exist?

The Loebner Prize, based on a fund of over $100,000 established by New
York businessman Hugh G. Loebner, is awarded annually for the computer
program that best emulates natural human behavior. During the
contest, a panel of independent judges attempts to determine whether
the responses on a computer terminal are being produced by a computer
or a person, along the lines of the Turing Test. The designers of the
best program each year win a cash award and a medal. If a program
passes the test in all its particulars, then the entire fund will be
paid to the program's designer and the fund abolished. For further
information about the Loebner Prize, write Dr. Robert Epstein,
Executive Director, Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies, 11
Waterhouse Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, or call 617-491-9020.

The BEAM Robot Olympics is a robot exhibition/competition started in
1991. For more information about the competition, write to BEAM Robot
Olympics, c/o: Mark W. Tilden, MFCF, University of Waterloo, Ontario,
Canada, N2L-3G1, 519-885-1211 x2454, [e-mail].

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-6]  Where can I get a machine readable dictionary, thesaurus, and
          other text corpora?

Free:

   Roget's 1911 Thesaurus is available by anonymous FTP from the
   Consortium for Lexical Research (clr.nmsu.edu, [128.123.1.12]).
   The pathname is /pub/lexica/thesauri/roget-1911.

   Project Gutenberg also has Roget's 1911 Thesaurus. For more
   information, write to Michael S. Hart, Professor of Electronic Text,
   Executive Director of Project Gutenberg Etext, Illinois Benedictine
   College, Lisle, IL 60532 or send email to [e-mail].

   For people without FTP, Austin Code Works sells floppy disks
   containing Roget's 1911 Thesaurus for $40.00. This money helps support
   the production of other useful texts, such as the 1913 Webster's dictionary.

   The Open Book Initiative maintains a text repository on world.std.com
   (a public access UNIX system, 617-739-WRLD). For more information,
   send email to [e-mail], write to Software Tool & Die, 1330
   Beacon Street, Brookline, MA 02146, or call 617-739-0202.

   The CHILDES project at Carnegie Mellon University has a lot of data of
   children speaking to adults, as well as the adult written and adult
   spoken corpora from the CORNELL project.  Contact Brian MacWhinney
   <[e-mail]> for more information.

   The Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) has a Data
   Collection Initiative. For more information, contact Donald Walker at
   Bellcore, [e-mail].

   Two lists of common female first names (4967 names) and male first
   names (2924 names) are available for anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.cmu.edu
   in the directory /afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/mkant/Public/Corpii/Names/. Read
   the file README first. [Note that you must cd to this directory in one
   atomic operation, as superior directories are protected during an
   anonymous ftp.] Send mail to [e-mail] for more information.

Commercial:

   Illumind publishes the Moby Thesaurus (25,000 roots/1.2 million
   synonyms), Moby Words (560,000 entries), Moby Hyphenator (155,000
   entries), and the Moby Part-of-Speech (214,000 entries) and Moby
   Pronunciator (167,000 entries) lexical databases. All databases are
   supplied in pure ASCII, royalty-free, in both Macintosh and MS-DOS
   disk formats (also in .Z file formats). Both commercial (to resell
   derived structures as part of commercial applications) and
   educational/research licenses are available. For more information,
   write to Illumind, Attn: Grady Ward, 3449 Martha Court, Arcata,
   CA 95521, call 707-826-7715, or send email to [e-mail].

   The Oxford Text Archive has hundreds of online texts in a wide variety
   of languages, including a few dictionaries (the OED, Collins, etc.).
   The Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen (LOB), Brown, and London-Lund corpii are also
   available from them.     For more information, write to Oxford Electronic
   Publishing, Oxford University Press, 200 Madison Avenue, New York, NY
   10016, call 212-889-0206, or send mail to [e-mail].
   (Their contact information in England is Oxford Text Archive, Oxford
   University Computing Service, 13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK, +44
   (865) 273238.)

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-7]  List of Smalltalk implementations.

   Little Smalltalk -- Tim Budd's version of Smalltalk
   cs.orst.edu: /pub/budd/small.v3.tar

   GNU Smalltalk
   prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/smalltalk-1.1.1.tar.Z

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject:  [1-8] Commercial AI products.

See the Robotics FAQ for information on Robotics manufacturers.

GBB, generic blackboard framework: provides:
 -- A high-performance blackboard database compiler and
      runtime library, which support pattern-based, multidimensional
      range-searching algorithms for efficient proximity-based retrieval
      of blackboard objects
 -- KS representation languages
 -- Generic control shells and agenda-management utilities
 -- Interactive, graphic displays for monitoring and examining
    blackboard and control components
These components provide the infrastructure needed to build
blackboard-based applications.  GBB is available for DOS/Windows, Mac,
Unix workstations (Sun, HP/Apollo, IBM, DEC, Silicon Graphics),
Symbolics and TI Explorer Lisp machines.  (GBB is a significantly enhanced,
commercial version of the UMass GBB research framework, available via
FTP as described in FAQ, part 3.) NetGBB, distributed extension to
GBB: provides to GBB the communication and coordination facilities
needed to build heterogenous distributed blackboard applications.
For more information write to Blackboard Technology Group, Inc., 401 Main
Street, Amherst, MA  01002, call 413-256-8990, or fax [phone]. To
be added to the mailing lists, send mail to [e-mail].
There are two mailing lists, gbb-user (moderated) and gbb-users (unmoderated).


RAL (Rule-extended Algorithmic Language) is a C-based RETE (OPS83)
implementation that allows one to seamlessly add rules and objects to
C programs. It runs on Apollo, Sony News, AT&T 3B series, Aviion,
DecStation, HP9000, RS/6000, Sun3, Sparc, Pyramid, Stratus, Unix
System V 386 machines, VAX, microVAX (VMS) and DOS. Production Systems
Technologies was founded by Charles Forgy, the original inventor of
the RETE algorithm.  For further information, write to Production
Systems Technologies, Inc., 5001 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA 15213,
call 412-683-4000 or fax [phone].


Stiquito is a small (3cm H x 7cm W x 6cm L), simple (32 parts) and
inexpensive (< $30) nitinol-propelled hexapod robot developed at the
Indiana University (Bloomington) Robotics Laboratory.  Its legs are
propelled by nitnol actuator wires. Each leg has one degree of freedom.
The robot walks up to 10 centimeters per minute and can carry a 9-volt
cell, a MOSIS "tiny chip" and power transistors to drive the nitinol
actuator wires.     Nitinol wire (aka BioMetal, Flexinol), is a
nickel-titanium alloy which exerts useful force as it is heated by
passing a current through it. IUCS Technical Report 363a describes
Stiquito's construction and is available by anonymous ftp from
cs.indiana.edu:/pub (129.79.254.191) in PostScript and Word4 formats as
the files stiquito.ps.a{a,b,c}.Z and stiquito.w4.a{a,b,c}.Z,
respectively. The tech report is also available by US mail for $5
(checks or money orders should be made payable to "Indiana University")
from Computer Science Department, Attn: TR 363a 215, Lindley Hall,
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405.     A kit containing all
the materials needed to construct a simple version of Stiquito and its
controller is available for an extra $10 from the above address (use
attn line "Stiquito Kit"). To receive a video showing the assembly of
Stiquito, include an additional $10 and add "Video" to the attn line.
Anyone may build and use Stiquitos in any quantity for educational or
research purposes, but Indiana University reserves all rights to
commercial applications.  Questions about Stiquito should be sent to
[e-mail]. To join the mailing list, send mail to
[e-mail].


Togai InfraLogic, Inc. (TIL) is a supplier of fuzzy logic and fuzzy
expert system software and hardware. For more information, write to
Togai InfraLogic, Inc., 5 Vanderbilt, Irvine, CA 92718, call +1 714
975 8522, fax [phone], or send email to [e-mail] or
til!info.  TIL also supports an email-server that can be reached at
[e-mail] or til!fuzzy-server.  Send an email message that
contains just the word "help" in either the subject line or the
message body for more information. A list of products can be obtained
by sending a message that contains only the line "send products.txt"
to the email-server. For an index of the contents of the server, send
a message with the line "send index".


The following is from Risks Digest 13.83 -- I have no idea what the software
does, but Colby did head up the PARRY project:

  FEELING HELPLESS ABOUT DEPRESSION? Overcoming Depression 2.0 provides
  computer based cognitive therapy for depression with therapeutic
  dialogue in everyday language.  Created by Kenneth Mark Colby, M.D.,
  Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, Emeritus, UCLA.
  Personal Version ($199), Professional version ($499).     Malibu
  Artificial Intelligence Works, 25307 Malibu Rd, CA 90265.
  1-800-497-6889.

----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-9]  Glossary of AI terms.

This is the start of a simple glossary of short definitions for AI terminology.

   Strong AI:
    Claim that computers can be made to actually think, just like human
    beings do. More precisely, the claim that there exists a class of
    computer programs, such that any implementation of such a program is
    really thinking.

   Weak AI:
    Claim that computers are important tools in the modeling and
    simulation of human activity.

   Case-based Reasoning:
    Technique whereby "cases" similar to the current problem are
    retrieved and their "solutions" modified to work on the current
    problem.

   Nonlinear Planning:
    A planning paradigm which does not enforce a total (linear)
    ordering on the components of a plan.